The Future Is Here Today...Robots, Genetics, AI, Longevity, Singularity

by Aaron Saenz on September 18th, 2009
Thanks to gene therapy, this monkey can distinguish shades of red and green.

Thanks to gene therapy, this monkey can distinguish shades of red and green.

If nature gave you some bum genes, you’ve got a chance of fixing them. Genetic treatments have allowed researchers to cure color blindness in two squirrel monkeys. As published this month in Nature, gene therapy allowed two males to begin producing the L-opsin protein that allowed them to finally see reds and greens. Besides viewing the world in color, what’s the benefit of genetic treatments? Endless supplies of grape juice. Check out the short video below of one of the monkeys getting a reward for identifying red spots during a test.

When any form of blindness has a genetic cause, the promise of restored sight through genetic treatment lingers. We saw the first such case of gene therapy restoring sight when it was used to cure Leber’s congenital amaurosis (LCA) in human children. Those tests were revolutionary, but monkey technicolor vision is remarkable as well. Most scientists believed that adult brains do not have the same rewiring capabilities and plasticity as young brains. Yet the two adult monkeys, Sam and Dalton, started receiving and comprehending new signals once the L-opsin gene was introduced into their retinas.

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by Aaron Saenz on August 31st, 2009

Great joke I just heard: How many monkeys does it take to make a baby? Answer: Three. Two for chromosomal DNA, and one for mitochondrial DNA. Ha ha ha… Yeah…maybe it’s only funny to geneticists.

I have two mothers and one father! WTF?

I have two mothers and one father! WTF?

Scientists at the Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) were able to produce the first primates with three biological parents. Four macaque monkeys were born through an in vitro fertilization process in which the DNA of two females and one male were combined. Of the two mothers, one provided all the chromosomal DNA while the other only provided mitochondrial DNA. This technique may eventually be developed into a treatment in humans so that women with defects in their mitochondria can have healthy offspring. The successful test also raises concerns about genetically engineered babies because the new monkeys will pass on the genetic alterations to their offspring.

The mitochondria organelle often gets called the power house of the cell because of its role in creating energy releasing molecules. However, it could also be called the ticking time bomb of the cell because as many as 1 in 4000 people develop illnesses due to defects in their mitochondrial DNA. Sometimes these defects can be passed on from a mother who has no outward signs of the condition. Those people with this type of genetic problem have risks for certain kinds of epilepsy, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, deafness and blindness. The work at OHSU demonstrates that a carrier could pass on the 99% of her DNA that is healthy (chromosomal) and use a donor to fill in the missing 1%.

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